Ciphering machine



June 24, 1941.

. B. c. w. HAGELIN CIPHERING MACHINE Filed Nov. 28, 1938 '7'Sheets-Sheet 1 June 24, 1941f B. c. w. HAGELlN CIPHERING MACHINE FiledNov. 28, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 24, 1941. Q

B. C. W. HAGELIN CIPHERING MACHINE June 24, 1941. B. c. w. HAGELINCIPHERING MACHINE Filed NOV. 28, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 "7 Sheets-Sheet 5June 24, 194 B. c. w. HAGELIN CIPHERING MACHINE Filed N'ov. 28, 1938 l II CLAIM June 24, 1941. c, w HAGEUN 2,247,170

CIPHERING MACHINE Filed Nov. 28, 1938 7 Sheets-Sheet 6' 5 Q Wi June 24,1941.

B. c. w. HAGELIN cmmamc- MACHINE Filed NOV. 28, 1958 '7 Sheets-Sheet '7umx ' Fig. l.

Patented June 24, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CIPHEBING MACHINEBoris Caesar Wilhelm Hagclin, Stockholm, Sweden Application November 281938, Serial No. 242,833

19 Claims.

The present invention relates to ciphering machines of the type in whichthe element carrying the secondary signs (i. e. the cipher signs inciphering andthe clear text signs in deciphering moves with the elementcarrying the primary signs (i. e. the clear text signs in ciphering andthe cipher signs in deciphering) when the latter is set to indicate aprimary sign, but is displaced after each such setting operation anumber of steps which is determined in every individual case bymechanical means, before the reading or printing of the secondary sign,representing a cipher sign or the clear text sign, as the case may be,is eifected. In well-known ciphering machines of this type the primarysigns are carried, as a rule, by a rotatable disc which is rotated byhand for indicating a primary sign until the sign desired comes intoregister with an index. This rotation by hand requires a great deal ofobservation and is, thus, time-wasting, and an object of the inventionis to provide a setting device which may be operated more rapidly andmore reliably. Another object of the invention is to provide a printingmechanism by which the primary or the secondary text or both of them maybe printed. Further objects of the invention will be apparent from thedetailed description.

The invention is characterized, chiefly, by the fact that the cipheringmachine is provided with a setting mechanism controlled by a keyboard bywhich upon, the depression of a key in order to indicate a primary sign,a predetermined initial position is fixed for the element or elementscarrying the secondary signs, from which position the displacement ofsaid element or elements takes place. The displacement may, forinstance, be of the type described in my U. 8. Patent. No. 2,089,603.

In the accompanying drawings a ciphering machine according to thisinvention is illustrated. Fig. 1 is a plan view of the machine withcertain parts removed and certain other parts shown in section. Fig. 2is a cross section on the line I[II of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 isa cross sectionon the line 1IIlII of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a detail view, in part sectionalelevation, of the gearing between the main shaft and the setting shaftof the machine. Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the machine on theline VV of Fig. 3. Figs. 6 and 7 are cross sections on the lines VI-VIand VII-VII, respectively, of Fig. 8 is an elevation, partly in section,of part of the displacing mechanism. Fig. 9 is a cross section on theline IX-IX of Fig. 1.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of certain parts of the printing device. Fig. 11is an elevation, partly in section, of parts of the printing mechanism.Fig. 12 is a horizontal section on the line XII-- XII of Fig. 9. Figs.13-19 show details of the printing mechanism shown in differentpositions for illustrating the operation.

The machine rests on a base plate forming part of the rigid frame of themachine and the various elements of the machine except the keyboardandcertain controlling and reading elements are enclosed in a. casinghaving one or more covers to render the interior of the machine easilyaccessible.

l indicates the main shaft of the machine which extends in thetransverse direction, as seen from the front of the machine. The mainshaft may be driven either manually or by a suitable motor. The manualdriving means includes a crank 2 situated at the right-hand end of themachine which may be turned between a vertical and .a horizontalposition by means' of a handle 3. In order that said handle may requirea small space only, when the crank is in normal position, it may beswung upwards, as shown in Fig. 2.

The crank is carried by a shaft 4 extending parallel to the main shaft.The connection between the crank shaft 4 and the main shaft I comprisesa frame 5 attached to the shaft 4 which-is formed with an internaltoothed arc B engaged by a pinion l rotatably mounted on the main shaft.Said pinion is rigidly connected as by pins 8, Fig. 5, to a disc 9carrying a spring operated pawl l0 (not shown in Fig. 1) for engaging atooth ll formed on a hub l2 secured to the main shaft. As the'crank 2 isturned from its vertical to its horizontal position, the disc 9 iscaused to perform one revolution in the direction of the arrow, Fig. 2,causing the pawl III to move the tooth II and thus the hub l2 with themain shaft through one revolution. During the restoring of the crankfrom its horizontal to its vertical position which may be controlled bya spring, if desired, the pawl l0 slips around the hub l2 without movingsame. Upon the completion of the revolution, the pawl comes again intoengagement with the top surface of the tooth II.

The driving motor consists in'the example shown-of an electric motor 13the shaft I 4 of which, Fig. 3, carries an endless screw IS in mesh witha toothed wheel l6 rotatably mounted on the main shaft. Said toothedwheel is rigidly sideration, twenty-six.

ratchet wheel l9 likewise rotatably mounted on the main shaft I. Theratchet wheel 59 is surrounded with a certain play by a sleeve-shapedflange projecting from the hub l2 which carries a pawl 2| mounted at 22and operated by a spring 23 which acts to move the pawl into engagementwith the ratchet wheel [9.

The main shaft l is connected by a power storing gearing to a shaft 24parallel with the main shaft which will be hereinafter referred to asthe setting shaft. Said gearing comprises a toothed wheel 25 attached tothe main shaft (cfr. Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 5), an intermediate toothed wheel26 on a separate shaft 21 and a toothed rim on a spring housing 28rotatably mounted on the setting shaft 24. Said spring housing containsa spiral spring 29, Figs. 4, 5, surrounding the shaft 24 the outer endof which is connected by a slip clutch to the spring housing 28, whilethe inner end of the spring is secured to the shaft 24. This gearingpermits rotation of the main shaft even if the setting shaft 24 shouldbe held against rotation, the power delivered from the main shaft beingstored up in the spring 29 to be then utilized for rotating the shaft 24as soon as the latter is released. Owing to the provision of the slipclutch the spring 29 can only be put under a predetermined maximumtension.

The setting shaft 24 is rotatably mounted in the frame of the machineand is connected at its left hand end by a fixed or disengaging clutchto a shaft 30, hereinafter referred to as the type wheel shaft, situatedin alinement with the set-ting shaft. The setting shaft carries a set ofstop cams 3| for a purpose hereinafter stated. The type wheel shaftcarries two type wheels 32a and 32b, adapted to print the primary signsand the secondary signs, respectively. The same signs, usually thetwenty-six letters of the alphabet, appear on both of the type wheels,though placed in the mutually reversed order.

The stop cams 3| carried by the setting shaft 24 are as many in numberas there are letters on each type wheel, 1. e. in the example under con-They are displaced pe ripherally in the same way as the letters of thetype wheels, for instance, so that each type-wheel letter is situated inaxial register with its corresponding stop cam. The stop cams have fortheir object to allow the setting of the type wheel shaft into positionscorresponding to the primary signs by means of a group of keys 33(Fig. 1) of which there is one for each individual primary sign and someadditional ones for special purposes. Each key is pivotally connected atits lower end to a lever 34 (Figs. 3 and 6) situated immediately abovethe base plate of the machine which is movable in a vertical planesubstantially at right angles to the shafts of the machine. All of thelevers 34 are journalled on a common shaft 35, but every lever is actedon by its individual spring 36 tending to keep the key in its raisedposition. At a point between the key and said shaft the lever 34 carriesa roller 31 on a laterally projecting stud. Bearing against this rolleris an oblique surface 38 formed at the lower end of a depending arm 40journalled at its upper end, as shown at 39. A spring 4| acts on saidarm to maintain the oblique surface thereof in contact with the roller31. The depending arm 40 is further formed with a stop 42 to be engagedby .the free end of one arm 43a of a bell crank lever journalled at 44,the other arm 43bof which constitutes a stop arm for cooperation on themain shaft l.

with one of the stop cams 3! on the setting shaft 24. The stop arm 43bis formed with a hooked end 45 to be engaged by a beam 46 extendingparallel with the setting shaft which is supported by a pair of arms 41,48 carried by a shaft 49 extending parallel with the main shaft. Theright hand supporting arm 48 of the bridge also carries a rearwardlyextending arm 50, Figs. 1, 3, the free end of which is laterally bent,as shown at 5|, to bear on the periphery of a cam disc 52 Said cam disc52 is formed with a recess 53 adapted to receive the bent end 5| whichis bounded at one end by a radial surface 54 corresponding to the planefront surface of the bent end 5|, and at the other end by a slopingsurface 55 (Fig. 3) adapted to engage the rounded back of the bent end5|.

Each key lever 34 is formed with a rearwardly projecting arm 56 bearingagainst the under side of an up and down movable beam 51 extendingparallel to the main shaft of the machine which is supported by arms 59carried by a shaft 58. likewise parallel with the main shaft. Said beam51 is adapted to act from below on a bell crank lever 6| mounted on theshaft 60. Said bell crank lever comprises, in part, a stop arm 52adapted to engage a detent 63 on thecoupling pawl 2| and, in part,a'restoring arm 64 adapted to cooperate with the same detent in a mannerto be hereinafter described.

The setting shaft 24 carries in addition to the elements alreadymentioned, a toothed wheel 65 and a ratchet wheel 68 (see Figs. 1 and 7)both of which are rigidly connected to the setting shaft, preferably bybeing carried by one and the same hub 61. The toothed wheel 65 is inmesh with a pinion 58 carried by a separate shaft, and the ratchet wheelis engaged by a pawl 69 acted on by a spring 10. The pinion 68 and thepawl 69 are driven by a displacing drum carried by the main shaft. Saiddisplacing drum comprises two end discs II and 12, respectively,attached to shaft I and a set of axially extending bars 13 carried bysaid discs which may be displaced axially in notches formed in the enddisc which open at the periphery thereof. The bars are maintained inengagement wth said notches, in part, by a ring I4 surrounding the disc12 and, in part, by an annular coiled spring 15 placed around the discII which engages notches 16 formed in the bars. Said notches are such anaxial length as to allow the bars to perform a certain axialdisplacement between two .definite end positions. In one of said endpositions, 1. e. the normal position, shown in Fig. 5, the left hand endof the bars are situated in the same plane as the outer surface of thedisc H. In the other end position, i. e. the working position, the lefthand ends of the bars project beyond the disc H; in said last-mentionedposition, the projecting ends may act as teeth in mesh with the pinion68. 1

Each bar 13 is provided with an abutment 11 on the right hand end of thenotch 16 for releasing the pawl 59. In the normal position of the barssaid abutments are situated out of reach of the pawl 69; in theprojected i. e. working, position of the bars, on the contrary, theabutments may engage a rearwardly extending arm 18 (Fig. 7) of the pawl69 in order to lift the pawl out of engagement with the ratchet wheel'66. In addition, the disc H is provided with a laterally projecting cam19 adapted at the beto release the pawl 69 already after a very smallrotation of the drum.

For effecting the setting of the bars 13 into working position there isa set of "key-wheels similar in construction to those described in yPatent No. 2,089,603 above referredto. The keywheels are rotatablymountedon a fixed shaft 88 extending parallel with the main shaft. Eachkey-wheel 8| carries an annular set of axially shiftable pins 82 mountedin axial apertures adjacent the periphery of the key-wheel which may beshifted individually so that they project beyond one lateral surface ofthe key-wheel, or the other. In Fig. I have shown a rear pin of theextreme left hand key-wheel shifted to the left and a front pin of thesame key-wheel shifted to the right. In one of said positions the pinsare out of operation; in the other position they are adapted to triplevers 83 (Fig. 6) of which there is one for each key-wheel, said leversbeing situated close by the respective key-wheel on one side thereof.The levers 83 are rotatably mounted on a shaft 84. Each of them carriesat its free end a wedge-shaped cam 85 projecting into the path of thepins shifted to the corresponding side of the respective key-wheel. Thelever is rigidly connected by its hub to an arm 86 extending below thedisplacing drum which is pivoted at 81 to a bell crank lever 88 mountedat 89. Said bell crank lever surrounds a portion of the circumference ofthe displacing drum and carries at its upper end an axially beveledsurface 98. Each such beveled surface 98 is adapted to be engaged byabutments 9| of certain bars 13 in a way to be hereinafter described. Inthe example illustrated the beveled surfaces 98are located in the pathof the respective abutments 9|, when the corresponding cams 85 are notacted on by pins 82 (that isto say, when they are passed by pins shiftedto the left). Of course, they arrangement mayalso be the reverse, ifdesired. The abutments 9| may either be fixed, as for instance, formedintegrally with the bars, as shown in the drawings, or shifted todifferent points of the bars. Tothis end the bars may be formed withseveral notches or projections for fixing the positions of theabutment-s, which may in such case be saddleshaped. Each bar 13 carriesone abutment 9|. The abutments of the various bars are arranged ingroups in register with the various beveled surfaces 98. The number ofbars belonging to the individual groups should, preferably, be so chosenas to allow any desired number of bars;. that is to say, from one to thetotal number of bars, for instance twenty-six, to be displaced to theleft, i. e. into operative position, under the influence of one or moreor all groups of abutments.

member I98.

Rotatably mounted on the shaft 88 adjacent each key-wheel is a toothedwheel 92 connected to the respective key-wheel by a clutch, not shown,which causes the toothed wheel to partake of the rotation of thekey-wheel in one di-- rection but permits independent rotation of thetoothed wheel in the opposite direction. The toothed wheels 92 have eacha different number of teeth. Said numbers are chosen so that theyrepresent, as far as possible, prime factors or at any rate have nocommon denominator in order that the key-wheels may return to theiroriginal starting position only after a very long period of step-by-stepmovement, corresponding to the product of the numbers of teeth of all ofthe toothed wheels. Mwhing in each toothed wheel 92 is a pinion 93carried by a shaft 98 common to all of the pinions 93. The pinions 93are all rigidly secured to shaft 94 and all of them have the same numberof teeth, thoughtheir diameters are different as determined by thedifferent sizes of the toothed wheels 92.

A number of signs (not shown), as for instance, the letters of thealphabet, appear upon the peripheral portion of each key-wheel 8|, saidletters being visible through apertures formed in the cover of themachine to indicate the'position of the key-wheels. In order tofacilitate rotation of each individual key-wheel by hand, the key-wheelsare provided with tooth-like projections on their peripheral portion, asshown in Figs. 6 and 8.

The shaft 94 also carries a ratchet wheel 95, Figs. 1, 6 and 8, providedwith as many teeth as there are teeth on each pinion 93. The pinion 93is engaged by a .pawl 96 provided with a release arm 91 to be acted onby a tooth 98 on disc I2. The pawl may also be released manually bymeans of a lever 99 (Fig. 6) carry-,

ing a knob I88 for its operation. The release lever 99 is provided witha. rearwardly extending arm |8| bearing on arm 91. The tooth 98 alsoacts to rotate the pinion 93 situated in register therewith, that is,the extreme right hand pinion, to the extent of one tooth pitch duringeach complete revolution of the displacing drum.

Connected with shaft 96 is a counting mechanism I82.

The operation of the setting and displacing mechanisms above describedis as follows:

The machine is first adjusted, in order to bring it into correspondencewith other machines of the same type, so as to function on a certainpredetermined system. To this end some of the pins 82 of the key-wheels8| are shifted to the left and others to the right in an order agreed onby the operators. The key-wheels are then rotated by hand until certainsigns, likewise'previously agreed on, appear in corresponding aperturesin the cover of the casing.

In operation, whether for ciphering or de ciphering a message, theprimary signs are indicated by depressing the respective keys, sign bysign. After each depression the main shaft is rotated one revolutioneither by operating the hand crank 2 or by transmission of power fromthe motor I3.

Normally, the setting and displacing elements are in the positions shownin the drawings. The main shaft I is held against rotation by the stoparm 62, and the bell crank levers 43a, 43b are held against movement bythe stops 42 of the arms 48, with the arms 43b in their" retractedposition. The depressing of a key 33 causes the respective lever 34 toswing downwards, while its rear arm 36 moves upwards. When thus movingdownwards the lever 31 by its roller 31 acts on the oblique surface 38of arm 18, thereby bringing the stop 42 out of engagement with the arm43a. of the bell crank lever 43a, 12. When thus released the stop arm43b of the bell crank lever ismoved forwards by the action of spring 4|so as to enter the path of the respective stop cam 3|. In its upwardmovementthe arm 56 lifts the beam 51, which in its turn lifts the lever6|, causing the stoparm 62 to release the detent 63 and bringing therestoring arm 64 into the path of the detent 63. When thus released bythe stop arm 62, the coupling pawl 2| is moved by its spring 23 intoengagement with the ratchet wheel l9, thereby coupling the main shaft tothe motor I3. The main shaft now starts rotation in the direction of thearrow, Fig. 3, by power derived from the running motor. When the detent63 passes the restoring arm 64, the lever 6| is again swung down towardsthe beam 61 which has been lowered in the meantime as a result of therelease of the depressed key. At the same time the stoparm 62 againenters the path of the detent 63. Upon the completion of the revolutionof shaft I, the stop arm 62 catches the detent 63 and moves the couplingpawl 2| out of engagement with the ratchet wheel l9, therebyinterrupting the transmission of motor power to shaft In case of manualoperation, the coupling pawl 2| does not act, as a driver because inthis case the power is directly imparted to the main shaft which iscaused to perform one complete revolution by moving the crank up anddown one time, as already described per se. In this case the pawl 2|only acts to stop the main shaft in its fixed normal or startingposition. 4

In the beginning of the rotation of the main shaft the rear arm 18 ofthe pawl 69 is engaged by the lateral cam 19 of the left hand disc H ofthe displacing drum and lifted out of engagement with the ratchet wheel66 so as to release the setting shaft 24. By power stored up in thesetting shafts driving spring 29 as a result of a previous rotation ofthe main shaft, the setting shaft 24 is rotated in the direction of thearrow, Figs. 3 and 7, until that stop arm 43b which has been set to stopposition by the depression of the key, is engaged by the respective stopcam 3|. By said engagement the setting shaft is held in a positioncorresponding to; the sign of the key depressed. Due to its connectionwith the setting shaft the type wheel shaft has performed exactly thesame rotation as the setting shaft. On the right hand type wheel 320.,which is adapted to indicate the primary signs, the sign in question nowappears in printing position. The secondary sign of the left handtypewheel 32a appearing in printing position is determined by the factthat the alphabets of the two type wheels are arranged in mutual reverseorder. Printing of the primary sign may, if desired, be effected by aidof a mechanism to be described later on.

In the above said stop position of the stop arm 431) the hooked end 45thereof bears against the beam 46 which is in the position shown in Fig.3 in which position the lateral projection of the arm 50 is inengagement with the recess 53 in the disc 52 while bearing against theradial end surface 54 thereof.

The rotation of the setting shaft 24 above described to effect thesetting of the primary sign is completed during the first portion of therotation of the primary shaft, inasmuch as the cam 39, as mentioned, atthe very beginning of the rotation of the main shaft lifts the pawl 69out of engagement with the ratchet wheel 66, thereby releasing the shaft24, allowing it to be then rofated independently of the main shaft bypower stored up in the spring 29 as a result of a prior rotation of themain shaft. In order to allow the setting shaft to travel its entirepath of rotation, that ,is, up to a complete revolutiom, before anyfurther function is derived from the main shaft, the operation of thesetting shaft takes place during the movement of the detent 63 of thepawl 2| from the stop arm 62 to the restoring arm 64, whereas the otherfunctions to be derived from the main shaft take place during theremaining portion of the rotation. If as the detent 63 strikes therestoring arm 64, the key depressed has not yet been released, the arm64 cannot yield under the action of the pressure exerted by the detent63 but will engage same, thereby checking the rotation of the mainshaft. Only after the key is released the detent 63 may force therestoring arm 64 aside, allowing the main shaft to continue itsrotation, until upon the completion of the revolution it is checked bythe detent 63 engaging the stop arm 62.

During the said first portion of the rotation of the main shaft, thatis, while the detent 63 moves between the stop arm 62 and the restoringarm 64, the projection 5| remains in contact with the bottom of therecess 53. During this portion of the rotation the beam 46 will,therefore, remain in the position shown in which the stop arm 43bmaintains the setting shaft 24 in the position corresponding to theprimary sign depressed. During the continued rotation of the main shaftthe projection 5| is lifted .by the sloping edge 55 of the recess 53,causing the beam 46 to swing rearwards so as to bring the stop arm 43bout of engagement with the stop cam 3|, the arm 43a moving at the sametime upwards towards the stop 42 of the arm 40. As the projection 5|reaches the cylindrical outer periphery of the disc 52, the arm 43acomes into contact with the upper face of the stop 42, thereby againchecking the lever 43a, 1) in its normal position shown in Fig. 3. Inthe meantime the pawl 69 has been held in released state, because itsrear arm '18 has been in contact with the cylindrical surface of thedisc I9. When the stop arm 43a, 5 is released by the beam 46, the arm 18leaves the said cylindrical surface, allowing the pawl 69 to againengage the ratchet wheel 66 under the action of its spring, therebylocking the shaft 24 in its set position. During the said continuedrotation of the main shaft, that is, while the detent 63 is moving fromthe restoring arm 64 to the stop arm 62, the bars 13 of the displacingdrum, which are only provided within a portion of the circumference ofthe drum corresponding to the angular extension of said continuedrotation, enter the range where they can be influenced by the beveledsurfaces 80. Those beveled surfaces which are in operative position willeffect a displacement to the left of those bars, the abutments 9| ofwhich are acted on by the leveled surfaces 90 set to operative position.The left hand ends of said bars will, therefore, project beyond the lefthand disc ll of the drum so as to act as teeth meshing with the pinion68. Consequently, said pinion during the said rotation of the drum willbe rotated as many tooth pitches as there are bars 13 displaced to theleft. The pinion 68 causes the toothed wheel 65 to make a correspondingrotation. A said toothed wheel is attached to the setting shaft 24 andthe latter is rigidly connected to the typewheel shaft the type wheelswill be rotated correspondingly. After this rotation or displacementthe. sign of the secondary type wheel 32b which in the example underconsideration constitutes the cipher sign corresponding to the primarysign indicated by depressing the key, is now in the printing position.Each time the pinion 68 i rotated to the extent of one tooth pitch underthe control of a bar 11, the pawl 69 is released by the action of theabutment ll of said bar upon the rear arm 18 of the pawl. The shaft 24is now released to allow the rotation of the toothed wheel 05. Each timethe toothed wheel 65 is moved one tooth the pawl 69 again engages theratchet wheel 66, so that the type wheel shaft cannot move more than onetooth pitch at a time. Thus, any unintentional rotation of the typewheel shaft is positively prevented.

The displacement of the type wheel shaft being completed, a printing ofthe cipher sign is effected during the last position of the revolutionof the main shaft, after all of the bars of the displacing drum havepassed the position where they may be engaged by the beveled displacingsurfaces 90. The mechanism for effecting the printing operation is nowto be described. 1 As already stated, there are two type wheels 32a. and32b, the former (i. e. the right hand one) being adapted for printingthe primary signs and the latter (i, e. the left hand one) for printingthe secondary signs. Each type wheel is provided with two circular rowsof types on its peripheral portion; one row, I03, containing thetwenty-six letters of the alphabet and the other row, I04, containingother signs, as figures, punctuation marks and so on.

The printing mechanism includes for each type wheel 32a or 32b a papersupplying reel I05, Fig. 6, placed in the lowermost'portion of themachine. From said paper reel a strip of paper I06 is led throughguiding means, not shown, up into a guideway I01, Fig. 9, below the typewheels and further up between the respective type wheel and a printinghammer I08 adapted to press the strip of paper against the type to beprinted. The

printing hammer comprises one end of a bell crank lever I09 mounted onthe shaft IIO which is provided at its other end with a projection IIIbearing against a cam disc I I2, the printing cam, on the main shaft.The lever I09 is influenced by a spring I I3 tending to pull theprinting hammer against the type wheel and the projection III againstthe printing cam H2. The printing cam is provided with a recess "4adapted to receive the projection III one time during each revolution ofthe main shaft, the projection be-- ing caused to engage said recessunder the action of the spring II3. When this operation takes place theprinting hammer I08 presses the paper strip against the type wheel, theprinting operation, cfr. Fig. 19. Inking of the types is effected by aninking roller H5. The recess H4 in the printing cam II2 should, ofcourse, be placed so that, when the main shaft starts its rotation dueto the depression of a key, the recess II4 will not pass the printingprojection III until after the type wheel has reached the printingposition desired.

In order to feed the paper strip through the printing mechanism, thepaper strip I06 after passing between the type wheel and the printinghammer, is placed over a portion of the cover of the machine -to allowreading of the printed text and is then laid over a feed roller I I5,against which the paper strip is pressed by a smaller roller II1.Rigidly attached to the feed roller is a ratchet wheel II8 engaged bythe upper free end of a substantially vertical pawl II9 pivotallyconnected at its lower end to a feed lever I20. The feed lever ispivoted at I2I and provided with two arms, I22 and I23. The former bearsagainst a cam disc I24, the feed cam, on the main shaft under theinfluence of a spring I25 and the latter constituted a, stop arm adaptedunder certain conditions to prevent the paper feeding in away to behereinafterdescribed. The feed cam is provided with a recess I26 soplaced as to pass the arm I22 immediately before the main shaftcompletes its revolution. The arm I22 will then at once engage therecess to be thereafter gradually lifted onto the circular portion ofthe periphery of the disc I24. During this movement the pawl H9 is firstlowered rapidly and lifted more slowly while turning the ratchet wheelH0 and the feed roller II6 a certain extent. Normally, the movement ofthe feed lever I20 is checked so that it is only allowed to move halfthe way that corresponds to the depth of the recess I 26 of the feed camI24. Due to this checking action the pawl H9 is lowered to an extentsomewhat greater than the tooth pitch of the ratchet wheel H0, and as aresult the feeding of the paper strip will correspond to one toothpitch. The tooth pitch is so dimensioned as to allow the paper strip tobe fed by steps equal to the normal letter pitch. In order to obtain thesaid checking of the feed motion the feed lever I20 is provided with arearwardly extending arm I21 cooperating with a hook shaped stop arm I28on the shaft I29. Fig. 13 shows the main shaft in its starting positionand the feed pawl H9 in its uppermost position upon the completion of afeeding step.

In the printing of a cipher text it is desired, as a rule, toautomatically divide the text into groups, each of which comprises fiveletters. To effect this five division the paper strip is fed to theextent of two tooth pitches after each fifth printing operation. Tocontrol this five division I use a. division cam I30 rigidly mounted onthe shaft 94 of the pinions 93. Said cam is provided with twodiametrically opposite recesses on its periphery. Pulled against thedivision disc under the action of a spring I32 secured to a dependingcatch arm I33 is an upwardly directed arm I 3| rigidly mounted on theshaft I29, hereinafter called the division arm'. A laterally projectingpin I34 on said arm I33 is situated behind the stop arm I28. A springI35 acts to pull the stop arm I28 against said pin. When the upper endof the division arm I 3| is in contact with the circular portion of theperiphery of the division cam I30, then the catch arm I33 moves the stoparm I28 to the stop position above referred to, in which position therear arm I21 of the feed lever is checked by the stop arm after it hasmoved only to half the extent of its full stroke, as shown in Fig. 14.In the two positions appearing at every fifth printing operation, 1. e.when the division arm engages the recesses of the division cam, thecatch I33, I34 is moved rearwards so as to release the stop arm I28 andallow it to be pulled back by its spring I35; thus the hook of the stoparm comes out of the range of the rear arm I21 of the feed lever I20.The arm I 22 of the feed lever can now move to the bottom of the recessI26, thereby allowing the feed lever to make a full stroke correspondingto a feeding of the ratchet wheel II8 to the extent of two toothpitches, Fig. 15.

In the printing of the clear text no five division of the types shalltake place, that is to say, the stop I28 shall always check the arm I21of the feed lever. To this end a checking bar I36 is provided behind thestop arm. Said checking bar is movable in the direction normal to theplane of Fig. 15, that parallel to the main shaft I, and is providedwith a recess I31 which, when situated behind the stop arm, allows therearward movement of said arm to effect the five division,

the projection I I I.

but, when bearing with its straight-lined edge against the stop arm,prevents the rearward movement thereof, as shown in Fig. 16. In Fig. 12the stop arm I28b of the secondary side is shown in the saidfirst-mentioned position, while the stop arm I28a of the primary side isshown in the other position. The checking bar I36 is operated by acontrol shaft I56 extending in a direction at right angles to the mainshaft of the machine. At the front of the machine said control shaftcarries a handle I51. A stud I58 on an arm I59 of this shaft engages avertical slot I60 in the bar I36 so that a rotation of the shaft I56will effect a displacement of the checking bar (Fig. 11).

For producing word spaces one of the letters is reserved, in the exampleshown the letter X. Consequently, in printing the clear text the letterK must not be printed; instead thereof a space should appear on thepaper. The device producing this effect comprises for each type wheel aselecting lever I40 mounted on the shaft IZI and acted on by a springI4I, a cam disc I42 rigidly mounted on the main shaft for controllingsaid lever, and a stop arm I43, mounted at its upper end on a shaft I44.Attached to the disc II2 on the main shaft, in the plane of said stoparm, is a retracting cam I45 adapted to engage an abutment I46 of thestop arm. The selecting lever I40 is provided with a plurality ofoperative arms. A forearm forms a. laterally extending top I41 adaptedto cooperate with discs attached to the hub of the type wheel, saiddiscs being hereinafter referred to as selecting discs; each type wheelhas two such discs, one for each row of types. In the example shown,Figs. 1 and 5, I30 indicates the selecting disc corresponding to the rowof letter types I03, and I39 indicates the selecting disc correspondingto the row of other types I04. According as the one row of types or theother is in operative position, one selecting disc or the other issituated right above the stop I41, yet out of contact therewith, as longas an.

upper arm I48 of the selecting lever bears against the circular portionof the periphery of the control disc I42. The selection disc I38 isprovided with a notch I49 so positioned that, when the letter X is inthe printing position, then said notch is just above the end I41 of theselecting lever. The control disc I42 is also provided with a notch I50so positioned as to pass the upper arm I48 of the selecting leverimmediately before the recess II4 of the printing cam II2 reaches By theaction of the spring I4I the selecting lever is rocked, if the letter Xis in the printing position, as the end I41 thereof can engage the notchI49 of the selecting disc. In this rockin movement a catch arm I5I ofthe selecting lever operates the stop arm I43, so that its lower endcomes right opposite a stop I52 on the printing arm I09. When,immediately thereafter, the recess II4 of the printing cam IIZ passesthe projection III, the printing lever I09 can only move to a smallextent, namely, until the stop I 52 strikes said lower end of the stoparm I43 and, as a result, no printing operation takes place. Thisposition is shown in Fig. 17. Immediately prior to the main shaftcompleting itsrevolution, the cam I45 restores the stop arm I43 to itsinoperative position. If the type Wheel is in any printing positionother than that corresponding to the letter X, then the selecting leverI40 cannot be rocked, because its fore end I41 will come into contactwith the circular portion of the selecting disc I30.

rear arm of the lever.

In order to facilitate the operation of the machine to produce the wordspaces, the key-board may be provided with a separate space key, whichin the example shown is represented by a bar I00 coupled to the key forthe letter X in a way, not shown, so that a depression of saidbar willeffect a depression of the X-key.

In the printing of cipher text it is necessary, however, also to printthe letter X. To this end the rocking of the selecting lever I40 may beprevented completely by bringing a locking arm I53 into engagement withthe lower edge of the Thus, no rocking movement can take place, when theletter X is in the printing position. The locking arm I53 is mounted ona shaft I54 which extends parallel with the control shaft I56 abovereferred to and may be moved to operative position by the action of acam I55 on the control shaft.

In the example shown, there are, as stated,

. two type wheels, the order of the letters of one wheel being thereverse. of that of the other wheel, that is, the alphabets arereciprocal. It is also stated that the right hand type wheel 32a. shownin the drawings carries the primary signs, that is, the clear text signsin ciphering and the cipher signs in deciphering. After the displac ingmechanism has made its function, the corresponding secondary signs areprinted by means of the left hand type wheel 32b, that is, in thisexample the cipher signs are printed in case of ciphering and the cleartext signs in case of deciphering. If, as above presumed; the alphabetconsists of the twenty-six letters of the intemational alphabet, then inprinting the cipher signs all of said twenty-six letters will beutilized, while, as above described, in printing the clear text signsthe letter X selected to indicate spaces, will not be printed.

It has proved desirable, however, in case of certain ciphering traffic,also to be able to direct cipher figures and other signs, in which casethe cipher shall still only contain the twentysix letters of thealphabet, whereas the clear text should be printed with all signsnecessary for a correct reproduction of the message. This is enabled inconnection with my improved ciphering machine in a manner similar tothat utilized in connection with typewriters, by providing the keys withdouble signs and adding special keys for shifting from one series ofsigns to the other. In this case the corresponding double series ofsigns appear on the type wheels due to the provision of two circularrows of signs on each type wheel, namely'one row I03, containing thetwenty-six letters of the alphabet and another row I04, containingtwentysix other signs. By depressing any of the shift keys a lateraldisplacement of the type wheels should take place so as to bring the rowof signs desired into printing position. Hereinafter, for the sake ofclearness, the row of alphabet letters will be referred to as series I,whereas the other row of signs will be called series II. In printing theclear text both series should be used, in printing the cipher only theseries I.

As distinguished from the usual typewriter, where the depressing of ashift key only makes the necessary shifting operation, the use of myimproved ciphering machine for ciphering a message, requires printingalso of the shift signs, that is, due to the depression of a shift key,which operation, however, must not effect printing of any primary sign,nor any feeding of the pr mary paper strip, a cipher letter shall be Thedisplacement of the pins I66, I61 into the path of the shift cam I69 iseffected by means of a control arm I12 attached to a shaft I13 parallelwith the main shaft which is formed integrally with or connected to aforwardly extending arm I 14 the free end of which is situated slightlybelow the rear end I15 of the selectin each row. Another place hasalready-been spared for indicating the word space, which shouldlikewise, be ciphered. It is thus seen that two of the letters of thefirst series. in the example shown the letters Z and X, must be placedin the series II when effecting a ciphering operation.

It is evident from the above description that while in ciphering thespace any printing must not take place, but only feeding of the paper.the ciphering of the 'shift must not effect either printing or paperfeeding. In this case, the type wheel should be moved axially from theprinting position belonging to the series I to the printing positionbelonging to the series II, or vice versa.

In order in a simple manner to permit said axial displacement of thetype wheels while causing them to partake of the rotation of the typewheel shaft 36, said shaft is, preferably, square-shaped in crosssection and the apertures of the hubs of the type wheels likewisesquare. The hubs of the type wheels are extended and each of themcarries a flange I63 provided with an annular groove engaged by a forkI64. Said fork is attached to the free end of the shaft I54, which maybe called shift axle. The'rear end of said shift axle carries a shiftarm I65 extending upwardly to about the level of the main shaft I. Theshift arm carries at its upper end two parallel pins I66 and I61slidably mounted in parallel holes in the shift arm. Both of said pinsare situated immediately behind a shift disc I68 rigidly mounted on themain shaft I. The pins may be pushed towards the shift disc so as toenter-the path of a shift cam I69 thereon, when the main shaft makes itsrotation. Let it be assumed, for instance, that the pin I 66 is in itsadvanced position. After the main shaft has rotated nearlythree-quarters of a revolution from its starting position, the upper endof the shift arm I65 due to the action of the shift cam I69 on the pinI66 will be moved to the left from the position shown in Fig. 11, sothat also the type wheel 320. by means of the fork I64 upon the rotationof the shift axle, will be removed from its left hand position in whichit is situated in the printing of the signs of series I, that is, withthe row of signs I03 in printing position, and shifted to its left handposition, in which upon the next printing operation the row of types I04containing the signs of series II is in printing position. When the mainshaft starts its next rotation, the pin I66'is pushed back by the actionof a (left hand) restoring cam I16 on disc I66 (Fig. 10). When the shiftarm I and the type wheel 32a are in the said left hand position and thepin I61 is in its operative position, the type wheel 320. will beshifted with the aid of the shift cam I69 to the right hand position,whereupon the pin I61 is restored by a corresponding (right hand)restoring cam III on the disc I66.

ing lever I40.

To the row of types I04 containing the signs of series II belongs aselecting disc I39 rigidly connected to the type wheel. With the row oftypes III-3 in printing position, the selecting disc I38 is situatedabove the end I41 of the selecting lever and with the row of types I64in printing position the selecting disc I39 is situated above said endI41. The selecting discs have each two notches, a shallow one, I49, anda deep one, I16. The shallow notch I49 is adapted to prevent the typeprinting, when word space is to be effected, as already described inconnection with the disc I38, that is, said notch is right above the endI41 of the selecting lever, when the space sign of the respective seriesof signs reaches the printing position. The deeper notch I16 controlsthe shifting operation. a

In order to effect the shifting operation it is required, as alreadystated, that one of the pins I66, I61 is pushed forwards, when. theshift sign reaches the printing position. The shiftin movement isinitiated by the end I41 of the selecting lever entering one of the deepnotches I16. At this movement of the selecting lever the rear endthereof strikes the arm I14 and depresses same to a sufiicient extent tocause the control arm I12 to advance and operate that one of the pinsI66, I61, which for the time being is situated in front of said arm. Theshifting operation is then carried out in the way above described. Asstated, both the type printing and the paper feeding should beeliminated during the shifting operation. The type printing is preventedin the same way as above described in connection with the production ofword spaces with the exception that, as the rocking movement of theselecting lever is greater in case of the shifting operation than it isin case of the word space operation, the lever end of the stop arm I43moves rearwardly to a larger extent than it does in connection with theword space operation (Fig. 18). The paper feed is eliminated in case ofthe shifting operation by means of a separate stop arm I11 rigidlyconnected to the stop arm I43. As the selecting lever I 40 makes itslarger rocking motion and moves the stop arm I43 the end of the stop armI11 comes to bear against the st0p finger I23 of the feed lever I20,thereby preventing the feed lever from operation with resultingsuppressing of the paper feeding. This position is shown in Fig. 18.When retracted the end of the stop arm I11 is on such a distance fromthe stop finger I23 that when the selecting lever I40 makes its smallerrocking movement-that is. to produce a word space-then the stop arm I11cannot reach the position necessary for locking the feed lever. Thus thepaper feeding is only eliminated in case of the shifting operation.

The printing mechanism above described has reference only to theprinting. of the primary text. To print the secondary text a quitesimilar mechanism is used.

As regards the shifting movement. there exists a certain relationshipbetween the primary and the secondary elements of the machine, dependingthcreon, that in printing the clear text types of both series I and IIshould be printed, in printing the c pher only types of the series I.This means that inciphering the primary text should be printed with theuse of both series of types, the secondary text with the use of typesbelonging to series I only, whereas in deciphering the primary textshould be printed by types belonging to series I, the secondary text bytypes of both series. Mechanically, this problem has been solved in theway' shown in Fig. 11. The handle I51 of the control shaft I56 may beset into two positions, viz. an upper one for ciphering (marked C) and alower one for deciphering (marked D). In the said first mentionedposition a cam I55b on the shaft I56 maintains a locking arm I53bbelonging to the secondary side of the machine in an elevated positionin contact with the secondary selecting arm I40 in order to prevent anyrocking movement of the latter. It is thus seen that the letter X can beprinted on the secondary type wheel, which in this case represents thecipher text. In the meantime the secondary shift arm "5511 is heldagainst movement in its left hand position (for printing types of seriesI) by a projection ll of the locking arm I53b bearing against the underedge of alateral arm I83 connected to the shift arm I65b. The primaryshift arm I65 is free to effect shifting between the series of types Iand II, and the primary locking arm I53 is out of the path of thecorresponding selecting arm I40. It is thus seen that primary types ofboth series of signs may be printed but only secondary signs of theseries I.

In deciphering the control handle is in the position D. In this positionthe cam I55 maintains the locking arm I53 in lifted position.Consequently, the primary selecting lever I40 cannot make its rockingmovement. As will appear from the foregoing description the letter Xcannot be printed by the primary [type wheel. At the same time an armI83 rigidly connected to the locking arm bears against'a lateralprojection I84 of the primary shift arm I65 to retain the latter in itsright hand position, that is, with the series of types I in printingposition. The secondary locking arm I531), on the contrary, is out ofcontact with its respective cam lb; therefore, the shift arm Ib can beoperated to move the series of types I or II, as the case may be, intoprinting position. In this case the respective selecting lever is freeto rock, thereby preventing the printing of the letter X.

It is to be noted that, when two alphabets are used and printing shalltake place on two strips of paper, as above presumed, then it isrequired, when the two alphabets are different from each other, that thedisplacing series for the deciphering operation consists of numbersforming the complement numbers of the displacing series for theciphering operation. In case of two equal, but reciprocal alphabets, thesame displacing series may be used both in the ciphering and thedeciphering operation.

In case of simultaneous printing of 'clear text and cipher text careshould be taken that the primary signs are printed, before thedisplacing mechanism has started its operation, and that the secondarysigns are printed, after the displacing mechanism has completed itsoperation.

It is further to be noted that modifications may be made withoutdeparting from the principle of the invention. For instance, instead ofusing a power storing gearing between the main shaft and the settingshaft I may connect the constantly running motor to the setting shaft bya friction clutch. The power storing gearing, however, is of advantageas far as the manual drive of the machine is concerned, as it permits arapid setting operation.

What I claim is:

1. In a ciphering machine, means for reproducing primary signs, othermeans for reproducing secondary signs, a rotatable shaft for carryingsaid reproducing means, a series of keys each corresponding to a primarysign, means operable by said keys to fix predetermined startingpositions of said shaft corresponding to the various primary signs,means to move said shaft after each depression of a key to thecorresponding predetermined position presenting a primary sign, andmeans to effect a further movement of said shaft from each such startingposition to a position for reproducing the secondary sign correspondingto the primary sign as determined by the key depressed.

2. In a ciphering machine, rotatable means for reproducing the primarysigns, other rotatable means for reproducing the secondary signs, ashaft to effect the rotation of said means, a series of stop elements onsaid shaft displaced with relation/to each other both axially andcircumferential'ly, a series of movable stop elements each arranged toengage an individual one of the stop elements of said shaft for fixingpredetermined set positions thereof corresponding to the various primarysigns, a series of keys for operating said movable stop elements, meansfor moving the shaft after each depression of a key to the correspondingset position for presenting the primary sign selected, and means foreffecting a further movement of the shaft from each such set position toa further position corresponding to a related secondary sign.

3. In a ciphering machine, rotatable type wheels having primary andsecondary signs, a shaft to effect rotation of said type wheels, aseries of stop elements on said shaft to fix predetermined set positionsof the shaft corresponding to primary signs of said type wheels, aseries of movable stop elements each adapted to engage an individual oneof the stop elements of said shaft, a series of keys to operate saidmovable stop elements, means to rotate the shaft after each depressionof a key to the position'corresponding to the key depressed presentingthe primary sign corresponding to the key depressed, means to effect afurther rotation of the shaft and type wheels to position forreproducing a secondary sign corresponding to said first-mentioned sign,and means for printing said secondary signs.

4. In a ciphering machine, a rotatable shaft, type wheels on said shaft,a series of keys, means operable by said keys for fixing predeterminedset positions of said shaft and type wheels, a main driving shaft, meansconnecting said shafts including a gearing and a power storingmechanism, means to allow said first-mentioned shaft to be rotated bysaid power storing mechanism after each depression of a key to thecorresponding set position for presenting a type of one of said wheels,means to effect a further rotation of the shaft from said set positionthrough said gearing, and means for printing a type corresponding tosaid first-mentioned type in a ciphering system.

5. In a ciphering machine, a rotatable shaft, type wheels on said shaft,said type wheels carrying primary and secondary signs, a series of keys,

means operable by said keys for fixing predetermined set positions ofsaid shaft corresponding to the said primary signs, a main drivingshaft, means connecting said shafts including a power storing mechanismoperable by said main shaft for allowing the type wheel shaft after eachdepression of a key to move to the corresponding position under theinfluence of said power storing connection for presenting a primary signof one of said wheels in position to be printed, means operable by themain shaft to effect a further movement of the type wheel shaft fromeach set position thereof to bring a corresponding secondary sign inposition to be printed, and means for printing said primary andsecondary signs.

6. In a ciphering machine, type wheels carrying primary and secondarysigns, a rotatable shaft for carrying said type wheels, a series ofkeys, means operable by said keys for fixing predetermined set positionsof said shaft and wheels corresponding to the primary signs of the typewheels, a main driving shaft, means including a power storing mechanismfor connecting said main shaft and the type wheel shaft, means to causesaid main shaft to make a complete revolution after each depression of akey, a displacing drum on said main shaft, means on said displacing,drum to allow the type wheel shaft after each depression of a key tomove to the set position corresponding to the key depressed under theinfluence of said power storing mechanism for presenting the primarysign set in position thereby, and means carried by said drum to effect arotation of the type wheel shaft subsequent to each initial settingthereof to a position inwhich a secondary sign corresponding to saidprimary sign in a ciphering system is set in position.

ing shaft for operating the printing levers and a paper feed mechanism.

11. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which the typewheels are slidablybut non-rotatably mounted on the shaft, each of saidtype wheels carrying two circular rows of types, one of which containsletters and the other contains figures and other signs.

12. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which the typewheels are slidably but non-rotatably mounted on the shaft, each of saidtype wheels carrying two circular rows of types. one of which containsletters and the other contains figures and other signs, and a device foreffecting an axial shifting of the type wheels in order to move anydesired row of types into operative position upon the depression of acorresponding shift-key.

13. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which the typewheels are slidably but non-rotatably mounted on the shaft, each of saidtype wheels carrying two circular rows of types, one of which containsletters and the other contains figures and other signs, each row oftypes of each type wheel having a selecting cam disc associatedtherewith which, in addition to its function of controlling theproduction of spaces in printing a clear text, also controls the shift-7. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 6 and in which the displacingdrum has means for positively rotating the type wheel shaft step-bystepand for locking it against rotation subsequent to each step thereof.

8. In a ciphering machine, type wheels carrying primary signs andsecondary. signs, a rotatable shaft for carrying saidtype wheels, aseries of keys, stop elements operable by said keys to fix predeterminedset positions for said shaft corresponding to the primary signs, meansincluding a main driving shaft and a connection between it and the typewheel shaft to move said last-mentioned shaft after each depression of akey to a position corresponding to the key de pressed for presenting theprimary n set by said positioning of the wheel, a displacing mechanismto move the type wheel shaft from each such set position to anotherposition for reproducing the secondary Sign corresponding to the primarysign represented by the key depressed, and mechanism for printing theprimary and secondary signs of the type wheels, said printing mechanismincluding printing levers adapted to press a paper against the typewheels.

9. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which one of thekeys controls the production of spaces in the printing of the cleartext, the shaft carrying the type wheels being provided with a selectingcam disc for controlling a selecting lever so that upon the depressionof said key, the selecting lever is controlled by said cam disc to enterthe path of the respective printing lever and stop the function thereof.

10. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which the printingmechanism includes a series of 'cam discs mounted on the main drivingoperation.

14. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which one of thekeys controls the production of spaces in the printing-of the cleartext, the shaft carrying the type wheels being provided with aselectingcam disc for controlling a selecting lever so that upon thedepression of said key, the selecting lever is controlled by said camdisc to enter the path of the respective printing lever and stop thefunction thereof, each type wheel having two axially spaced rows ofsigns and a shift controlling lever operated by the selecting leverunder the control of the selecting cam disc.

15. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which one of thekeys controls the production of spaces in the printing of the cleartext, the shaft carrying the type wheels being provided with a selectingcam disc for controlling a selecting lever so that upon the depressionof said key, the selecting lever is controlled by said cam disc to enterthe path of the respective printing lever and stop the function thereof,each type wheel having two axially spaced rows of signs and a shiftcontrolling lever operated by the selecting lever under the control ofthe selecting cam disc, a shift axle, a fork on said axle to axiallydisplace the type wheel, a shift arm on said axle, a pair of pins onsaid shift arm, a shift cam on the main shaft to engage said pins formoving the shift arm to cause a rotation of the shift axle, said pinsbeing arranged to be moved into contact with said shift cm by the shiftcontrolling lever.

16. A ciphering machine as claimed in claim 8 and in which one of thekeys controls the production of spaces in the printing of the cleartext, the shaft carrying the typewheels being provided with a selectingcam disc for controlling a selecting lever so that upon the depressionof said key, the selecting lever is controlled by said cam disc 0 toenter the path of the respective printing lever the type wheel, a shiftarm on said axle, a pair of pins on said shift arm, a shift cam on themain shaft to engage said pins for moving the shift arm to cause arotation of the shift axle, said pins being arranged to be moved intocontact with said shift cam by the shift controlling lever, and cams onthe main shaft for moving the pins of the shifting mechanism toinoperative position, out of the range of the shift cam.

17. In a ciphering machine, type wheels carrying primary signs andsecondary signs, a rotatable shaft for carrying said type wheels, aseries of keys, stop elements operable by said keys to fix predeterminedset positions for said shaft corresponding to the primary signs, meansincluding a main driving shaft and a connection between it and the typeWheel shaft to move said last-mentioned shaft after each depression of akey to a position corresponding to the key depressed for presenting aprimary sign according to said positioning of one of said wheels, 9.displacing mchanism to move the type wheel shaft from each such setposition to another position for presenting the secondary signcorresponding to the primary sign represented by the key depressed,mechanisfn for printing the secondary sign presented, said printingmechanism including printing levers adapted to press a paper against atype wheel, a control shaft for manual operation, and means carried bysaid shaft to retain the stop arm of the paper mechanism in the positionin which said stop arm allows the advance of the paper by only one stepat a time.

18. In a. ciphering machine, type wheels carrying primary signs andsecondary signs, a rotatable shaft for carrying said type wheels, a

series of keys, stop elements operable by said keys to fix predeterminedset positions for said shaft corresponding to the primary signs, meansincluding a main driving shaft and a connection between it and the typewheel shaft to move said last-mentioned shaft after each depression of akey to a position corresponding to the key de-' pressed for presenting aprimary sign set by said positioning of the shaft, a displacingmechanism to move the type wheel shaft from each such set position toanother position for presenting the secondary sign corresponding to theprimary sign represented by the key depressed, mechanism for printingthe secondary sign presented, said printing mechanism including printinglevers adapted to press a paper against the type wheels, a control shaftfor manual operation, and means carried by said shaft to retain the stoparm of the paper mechanism in the position in which said stop arm allowsthe advance of the paper by only one step at a time, saidmanually-operable control shaft having means thereon for controllinglocking arms mounted on the shift axle for preventing the rocking of theselecting levers in order in the printing of a cipher text to alsopermit printing of the sign of the key used for indicating word spaces.

19. In a ciphering machine, type wheels carrying primary signs andsecondary signs, a rotatable shaft for carrying said type wheels, 2.series of keys, stop elements operable by said keys to fix predeterminedset positions for said shaft corresponding to the primary signs, meansincluding a main driving shaft and a connection between it and the typewheel shaft to move said last-mentioned shaft after each depression of akey to a position corresponding to the key depressed for presenting aprimary sign according to said positioning of the shaft, a displacingmechanism to move the type wheel shaft from each such set position toanother position for presenting the secondary sign corresponding to theprimary sign represented by the key depressed, mechanism for printingthe secondary sign of the type wheel, said printing mechanism includingprinting levers adapted to press a paper against the secondary signpresented, a control shaft for manual operation, and means carried bysaid shaft to retain the stop arm of the paper mechanism in the positionin which said stop arm allows the advance of the paper by only one stepat a time, said manually-operable control shaft having means thereon forcontrolling locking arms mounted on the shift axle for preventing therocking of the selecting levers in order in the printing of a ciphertext to also permit printing of the sign of the key used for indicatingword spaces, said locking arms for the selecting levers having means forpreventing the shifting movement of the respective shift arms, in orderthat the ciphering position of the control shaft, the primary shift armand in the deciphering position of the control shaft, the secondaryshift arm may be held against movement.

BORIS CAESAR WILHEIM HAGELIN.

